[223] Istanbul's productivity is 110 percent higher than the national average. [205] As of 2019, an estimated 18,000 of the country's 25,000 Christian Assyrians live in Istanbul.[206]. The O-2, O-3, and O-4 are part of European route E80 (the Trans-European Motorway) between Portugal and the IranTurkey border. Altay, Volkan; Ouml, Brahim Lker; zyiit; Yarci, Celal (31 January 2010). This was followed by nonobservant people with 26% who identified with a religion but generally did not practise its requirements. [citation needed], Between the 20052011 seasons,[278] and in the 2020 season,[279] Istanbul Park racing circuit hosted the Formula One Turkish Grand Prix. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest film director monthly salary covid results contact number istanbul size comparison. Roe deer, wild boars, foxes, coyotes, martens, badgers, wolves, weasels, wildcats, squirrels and reed cats have been documented to live inside the boundaries of Istanbul Province. [366][367] Rose-ringed parakeet colonies are present in urban areas, similar to other European cities as feral parrots, and considered as invasive species. [220], Administratively, Istanbul is divided into 39 districts, more than any other province in Turkey. [177], Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. [173] Representing the Republican People's Party, Ekrem mamolu has been the Mayor of Istanbul since 27 June 2019. The deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the major events which marked the start of the Armenian genocide during WWI. [15] In 2019, companies based in Istanbul produced exports worth $83.66 billion and received imports totaling $128.34 billion; these figures were equivalent to 47 percent and 61 percent, respectively, of the national totals. [197][198][199] The number of refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey residing in Istanbul is estimated to be around 1 million. [24] A person from the city is an stanbullu (plural: stanbullular); Istanbulite is used in English. [360] In a study that examined urban flora in Kartal, a total of 576 plant taxa were recorded; of those 477 were natural and 99 were exotic and cultivated. WebWith a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and WebTwo maps comparing the size of urban areas in Istanbul (indicated as the grey zones) in 1975 and 2011 Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. [148] It was originally part of an ancient Greek sacrificial tripod in Delphi that was erected to commemorate the Greeks who fought and defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea (479 BCE). Fares across modes are integrated, using the contactless Istanbulkart, introduced in 2009, or the older Akbil electronic ticket device. [354][355] The transfer from the airport to the city is via the O-7, and it will eventually be linked by two lines of the Istanbul Metro. The biggest defeat for the government came in the 2019 local elections, where their candidate for Mayor, former Prime Minister Binali Yldrm, was defeated by a very narrow margin by the opposition candidate Ekrem mamolu. The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), another landmark of the city, faces the Hagia Sophia at Sultanahmet Square (Hippodrome of Constantinople). [246], Coinciding with this cultural reemergence was the establishment of the Istanbul Festival, which began showcasing a variety of art from Turkey and around the world in 1973. 19.2C vs 16.2C 4.1C higher average temperature? 2.23M. Because of its hilly topography and maritime influences, Istanbul exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates. [372], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. [326], Istanbul's local public transportation system is a network of commuter trains, trams, funiculars, metro lines, buses, bus rapid transit, and ferries. Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 1 [191], With estimates ranging from 2 to 4 million, Kurds form one of the largest ethnic minorities in Istanbul and are the biggest group after Turks among Turkish citizens. Consequently, Istanbul's temperatures almost always oscillate between 5C (23F) and 32C (90F),[95] and most of the city does not experience temperatures above 30C (86F) for more than 14 days a year. [47], The establishment of Constantinople was one of Constantine's most lasting accomplishments, shifting Roman power eastward as the city became a center of Greek culture and Christianity. WebThese Cymbals are the all new IMC Cymbals from Istanbul Mehmet. In the Ottoman period, it was first granted to Nianc Feridun Ahmed Bey in the 16th century, before being granted by Sultan Murad IV to the Safavid Emir Gne Han in the 17th century, hence the name Emirgan. [14] Istanbul and Antalya are Turkey's two largest international gateways, receiving a quarter of the nation's foreign tourists. [243] Since then, Istanbul has been the most popular location to film Turkish dramas and comedies. [130], The Fatih district, which was named after Sultan Mehmed II (Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmed), corresponds to what was, until the Ottoman conquest in 1453, the whole of the city of Constantinople (today is the capital district and called the historic peninsula of Istanbul) on the southern shore of the Golden Horn, across the medieval Genoese citadel of Galata on the northern shore. [125][126][127] If trends continue, sea level rise is likely to affect city infrastructure, for example Kadkoy metro station is threatened with flooding. [323][324] Apart from the three Bosphorus Bridges, the dual-deck, 14.6-kilometer (9.1mi) Eurasia Tunnel (which entered service on 20 December 2016) under the Bosphorus strait also provides road crossings for motor vehicles between the Asian and European sides of Turkey. [290] Hrriyet, Sabah, Posta and Szc, the country's top four papers, are all headquartered in Istanbul, boasting more than 275,000 weekly sales each. [319] In 2011, the first and second bridges on the Bosphorus carried 400,000 vehicles each day. London (UK) London is the capital Akmerkez was awarded the titles of "Europe's best" and "World's best" shopping mall by the International Council of Shopping Centers in 1995 and 1996; Istanbul Cevahir has been one of the continent's largest since opening in 2005; and Kanyon won the Cityscape Architectural Review Award in the Commercial Built category in 2006. Wild land mammals are mainly concentrated in the northern forested areas of Istanbul. 24% of the surveyed also identified themselves as "religious conservatives". [371] It is one of the 10 worst cities for NO2. Glhane Park and Yldz Park were originally included within the grounds of two of Istanbul's palaces Topkap Palace and Yldz Palacebut they were repurposed as public parks in the early decades of the Turkish Republic. The total length of Istanbul Province's toll motorways network (otoyollar) is 543km (2021) and the state highways network (devlet yollari) is 353km (2021), totaling 896km of expressway roads (minimum 2x2 lanes), excluding secondary roads and urban streets. [84] Turkish forces of the Ankara government, commanded by kr Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the Liberation Day of Istanbul (Turkish: stanbul'un Kurtuluu) and is commemorated every year on its anniversary. [211] Ottoman Jews in Istanbul excelled in commerce and came to particularly dominate the medical profession. [92] Spring and fall are usually mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction.[93][94]. [237] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. [190] A 2019 survey found that only 36% of the Istanbul's population was born in the province. Despite its development as a Turkish city since 1453, it contains many ancient, Roman, Byzantine, Christian, Muslim, and Jewish monuments. Byzantium 404 BC196 CE 19.2C vs 18.2C 1.9C higher average temperature? [191], 2019 survey study by KONDA that examined the religiosity of the voting-age adults in Istanbul showed that 57% of the surveyed had a religion and were trying to practise its requirements. How to Choose SizeXS36R, S38R, M40R, L42R, XL44R, XXL46R. [158] After extensive renovation, it became one of Turkey's first national museums in 1924. [49] Constantine also undertook a major renovation and expansion of the Hippodrome of Constantinople; accommodating tens of thousands of spectators, the hippodrome became central to civic life and, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the center of episodes of unrest, including the Nika riots. [108], The highest recorded temperature at the official downtown observation station in Saryer was 41.5C (107F) and on 13 July 2000. [245] Istanbul and its picturesque skyline have also served as a backdrop for several foreign films, including From Russia with Love (1963), Topkapi (1964), The World Is Not Enough (1999), and Mission Istaanbul (2008). Lining both the European and Asian shores of the Bosporus are the historic yals, luxurious chalet mansions built by Ottoman aristocrats and elites as summer homes. [311][needs update] Turkish citizens are entitled to subsidized healthcare in the nation's state-run hospitals. [148] It was brought from Delphi in 324 CE, during the reign of Constantine the Great, and also erected at the spina of the Hippodrome. WebIstanbul gets 333 hours of sunny skies, while Rome receives 338 hours of full sun in the summer. [217] The contest in Istanbul carried deep political, economic and symbolic significance for Erdoan, whose election of mayor of Istanbul in 1994 had served as his launchpad. 4,5 403.5 cm Length 554.6 cm +151.1 173.4 cm Width 2 214.8 cm +41.4 198.5 cm Width incl. [15] Several picturesque islandsBykada, Heybeliada, Burgazada, Knalada, and five smaller islandsare part of the city. [62] On 29 May 1453, after an eight-week siege (during which the last Roman emperor, Constantine XI, was killed), Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" captured Constantinople and declared it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. [163] Laws enacted after the Ottoman constitution of 1876 aimed to expand this structure across the city, imitating the twenty arrondissements of Paris, but they were not fully implemented until 1908 when the city was declared a province with nine constituent districts. [170] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. [63] Mehmed declared himself as the new Kayser-i Rm (the Ottoman Turkish equivalent of the Caesar of Rome) and the Ottoman state was reorganized into an empire. As a result, the current height of the obelisk is only 18.54 meters, or 25.6 meters if the base is included. Please check the MYS SIZE TABLE in the description carefully to avoid waste of time and money on returns. [306], In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. [185] This growth was fueled by internal and international migration. If you are not sure, we strongly suggest you inquire about size first. Several smaller newspapers, including popular publications like Cumhuriyet, Milliyet and Habertrk are also based in Istanbul. [47][48] Numerous churches were built across the city, including Hagia Sophia which was built during the reign of Justinian the Great and remained the world's largest cathedral for a thousand years. [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. The Grand Bazaar, in operation since 1461, is among the world's oldest and largest covered markets. [255] stiklal Avenue, originally known for its taverns, has shifted toward shopping, but the nearby Nevizade Street is still lined with winehouses and pubs. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. [365] Apart from the wild land mammals Istanbul hosts a sizeable stray animal population. DO NOT look at the Amazon size chart. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest Chestnut, oak, elm, linden, ash and locust comprises the most prominent tree genera. Our tool can measure up to 10,000 meters, thats about 32,808.4 feet! Dominated by low-cost carriers, Istanbul's second airport has rapidly become popular, especially since the opening of a new international terminal in 2009;[356] the airport handled 14.7 million passengers in 2012, a year after Airports Council International named it the world's fastest-growing airport. [291] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. The Caalolu street on which the newspaper was printed, Bb- li Street, rapidly became the center of Turkish print media, alongside Beyolu across the Golden Horn. "Istanbul." Works Cited Beaverstock, V. Jonathan, Richard G Smith, and Peter J. Taylor. The other obelisk was erected on the spina of the Circus Maximus in Rome in the autumn of that year, and is now known as the Lateran Obelisk. The rents are extremely high. [20], The name stanbul (Turkish pronunciation:[istanbu] (listen), colloquially Turkish pronunciation:[stambu]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase " " (pronounced Greek pronunciation:[is tim bolin]), which means "to the city"[21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. [153] The minarets date from that period. [87] From the late 1940s and early 1950s, Istanbul underwent great structural change, as new public squares, boulevards, and avenues were constructed throughout the city, sometimes at the expense of historical buildings. Istanbul has more than 93 colleges and universities,[298] with 400,000 students[299] enrolled in 2016. [148] Built of red granite, 31m (100ft) high, it came from the Temple of Karnak in Luxor, and was erected there by Pharaoh Thutmose III (r. 14791425 BCE) to the south of the seventh pylon. ", Kara Rapor 2020: Hava Kirlilii ve Salk Etkileri, "Major cities blighted by nitrogen dioxide pollution, research finds | Air pollution", Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 14531924, Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos from 1946, 1966, 1970, 1982, 2006, 2011 and 2013, Museum of Science and Technology in Islam, Population distribution and settlement in Turkey, Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=1133395167, Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region, Populated places established in the 7th century BC, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list, Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr), Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with disputed statements from July 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Pages using largest cities with nav class, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 15:41. WebIf you live in Istanbul, then Istanbul is very expensive. [15] Historically, the city has been ideally situated for trade and defense: The confluence of the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Golden Horn provide both ideal defense against enemy attack and a natural toll-gate. [167][168] The main decision-making body of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is the Municipal Council, with members drawn from district councils. [210] Sympathetic to the plight of Sephardic Jews, Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, Modern art museums, including stanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum, National Palaces Painting Museum, stanbul Modern, the Pera Museum, Sakp Sabanc Museum, Arter and SantralIstanbul, opened in the 2000s to complement the exhibition spaces and auction houses that have already contributed to the cosmopolitan nature of the city. This results in frequent precipitation: the average number of rainy days in the city is 131, and in some parts it may reach up to 152 days. [210] In marked contrast to Jews in Europe, Ottoman Jews were allowed to work in any profession. [306] Sultan Abdlmecid I issued Samuel Morse his first official honor for the telegraph in 1847, and construction of the first telegraph linebetween Istanbul and Edirnefinished in time to announce the end of the Crimean War in 1856. [71] Money could not protect the rich from all the discomforts and harsher sides of Istanbul. For the purpose of parliamentary elections, Istanbul is divided into three electoral districts; two on the European side and one on the Asian side, electing 28, 35 and 35 MPs respectively. The Istanbul Biennial is a contemporary art exhibition that has been held biennially since 1987. [157] After several hundred years of royal residence, it was abandoned in 1853 in favor of the baroque Dolmabahe Palace. Its only cheap for tourists. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. [191] Although the initial Kurdish presence in the city dates back to the early Ottoman period,[194] the majority of Kurds in the city originate from villages in eastern and southeastern Turkey. [131] Galata (Karaky) is today a quarter within the Beyolu (Pera) district, which forms Istanbul's commercial and entertainment center and includes stiklal Avenue and Taksim Square. [305], The Ottoman Ministry of Post and Telegraph was established in 1840 and the first post office, the Imperial Post Office, opened near the courtyard of Yeni Mosque. [304][305] Capacity declined until the power station reached the end of its economic life and shut down in 1983. [153] The Hagia Sophia stood as the world's largest cathedral in the world until it was converted into a mosque in the 15th century. [58] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[59] and its population had dwindled to a hundred thousand from half a million during the 8th century. Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. [15], Istanbul expects 1 million tourists from cruise companies after the renovation of its cruise port, also known as Galataport in Karaky district. Turkish National Movement 1923 [25], Byzantium 667 BC510 BC Since 2004, the municipal boundaries of Istanbul have been coincident with the boundaries of its province. [203] Following Greek migration to the city for work in the 2010s, the Greek population rose to nearly 3,000 in 2019, still greatly diminished since 1919, when it stood at 350,000. From this flagship festival came the International Istanbul Film Festival and the Istanbul Jazz Festival in the early 1980s. [48] During most of the Middle Ages, the latter part of the Byzantine era, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city on the European continent and at times the largest in the world. [157], The imperial mosques include Fatih Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Sleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), and Yeni Mosque, all of which were built at the peak of the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th and 17th centuries. [71] Opulent houses shared the same streets and districts with tiny hovels. WebHow does Ankara compare to Istanbul? By 1876, the first international mailing network between Istanbul and the lands beyond the Ottoman Empire had been established. Furthermore, as Istanbul is a large and rapidly expanding city, its urban heat island has been intensifying the effects of climate change. [332][333] The two sides of Istanbul's metro are connected under the Bosphorus by the Marmaray Tunnel, inaugurated in 2013 as the first rail connection between Thrace and Anatolia, having 13.5km length. 16.1C vs 14.2C 73.89% lower [153] Because of its historical significance, it was reopened as a museum in 1935. Leonardo da Vinci International Airport [241] Movie theaters rapidly cropped up in Beyolu, with the greatest concentration of theaters being along the street now known as stiklal Avenue. The city stands on the River Thames in the south-east of Istanbul has more than fifty museums, with the Topkap Palace, the most visited museum in the city, bringing in more than $30 million in revenue each year. Like the MMI, the Istanbul Special Provincial Administration has a governor, a democratically elected decision-making bodythe Provincial Parliamentand an appointed Executive Committee. [26] It is the oldest known human settlement on the European side of the city. 4 million. This trend first became evident electorally in the 2014 mayoral election where the center-left opposition candidate won an impressive 40% of the vote, despite not winning. [82] Due to Ottoman and Turkish policies of Turkification and ethnic cleansing, the city's Christian population declined from 450,000 to 240,000 between 1914 and 1927. [137] At present, some gecekondu areas are being gradually demolished and replaced by modern mass-housing compounds. Abdi peki Street in Nianta, Galataport Shopping Area in Karaky and Badat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. Istanbul has a borderline Mediterranean climate (Kppen Csa, Trewartha Cs), humid subtropical climate (Kppen Cfa, Trewartha Cf) and oceanic climate (Kppen Cfb, Trewartha Do) under both classifications. In: goston, Gbor and Bruce Alan Masters. [149] When re-erected at the Hippodrome of Constantinople, the obelisk was mounted on a decorative base, with reliefs that depict Theodosius I and his courtiers. Necdet Sakaolu (1993/94a): "stanbul'un adlar" ["The names of Istanbul"]. 25.76$ vs 29.44$ "The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City." [70], Social hierarchy was ignored by the rampant plague, which killed the rich and the poor alike in the 16th century. New York City (US) New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. [91] The city has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, most recently in 2018,[91] requiring retrofits for older buildings and higher engineering standards for new construction. [192][193] According to a 2019 KONDA study, Kurds constituted around 17% of Istanbul's adult total population who were Turkish citizens. Hosts a sizeable stray animal population the deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the events! Entitled to subsidized healthcare in the description carefully to avoid waste of time money. 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