Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 37.871 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. WebThe French protectorate of Laos (French: Protectorat franais du Laos) was a French protectorate in Southeast Asia of what is today Laos between 1893 and 1953with a brief interregnum as a Japanese puppet state in 1945which constituted part of French Indochina.It was established over the Siamese vassal, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang, )permanent pasture: 3.7% (2018 est. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. There are some Chinas unofficial oversea colonies, like: Philippines, Laos, Korea: Imperial Han dynasty colonized Korea before. Then go to the Tang dynasty and later the Mongol Yuan. Vietnam: one thousand years of colonization started from late 1st century BC to 938. Ming reconquered the nation at 1407 to 1427. Tibet. Xinjiang. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. ), $446.572 million (2021 est. )expenditures: 4.038 billion (2017 est. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. [185], This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10% (2015 est. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. ), total dependency ratio: 54.7youth dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 6.7potential support ratio: 14.8 (2021 est. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. )3.32% (2019 est.). ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to Vietnam. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. )5.1% (2020 est. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. Usually called Laos. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. Web3 Headed Elephant Design Style Original Kingdom of Laos Flag T-Shirt 4.8 (5) $1999 FREE delivery Thu, Jan 5 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Amazon Merch on Demand +9 colors/patterns Lao Designs by RespekDis Sabaidee Laos and Thai Greeting | Lao writing gift T-Shirt 5.0 (1) $1695 FREE delivery Thu, Jan 5 on $25 of items shipped by )proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. The exhibition depicts a complete collection of the stamps and souvenir sheets issued by the Kingdom of Laos from 1951 to 1975 with thematic descriptions emphasize on Lao culture, tradition and history. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. Construction of a number of large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy. agriculture: 20.9% (2017 est. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. note: data are in current year dollars$6.461 billion (2020 est.) Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. ), 185 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. ), production: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est. [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Sample translated sentence: . [4] Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. The Kingdom of Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the foundation of Lao People's Democratic Republicball. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. TFR is higher in rural and remote areas, among ethnic minority groups, the less-educated, and the poor; it is lower in urban areas and among the more educated and those with higher incomes. Although Laos mortality rates have improved substantially over the last few decades, the maternal mortality rate and childhood malnutrition remain at high levels. As fertility and mortality rates continue to decline, the proportion of Laos working-age population will increase, and its share of dependents will shrink. The age structure shift will provide Laos with the potential to realize a demographic dividend during the next few decades, if it can improve educational access and quality and gainfully employ its growing working-age population in productive sectors. Currently, Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but the drop-out rate remains problematic. Secondary school enrollment has also increased but remains low, especially for girls., Laos has historically been a country of emigration and internal displacement due to conflict and a weak economy. )-$1.32 billion (2019 est. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. )forest: 67.9% (2018 est. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. 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